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Borland Turbo Pascal v5
2024-07-02 15:16:37 +02:00
WELCOME TO TURBO PASCAL 5.0
---------------------------
This README file contains important, last minute information
about Turbo Pascal 5.0. The HELPME!.DOC file also answers many
common Technical Support questions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
-----------------
1. Installation
2. New Utilities
2.1 THELP gives you Turbo Pascal help from ANY program
2.2 TINSTXFR transfers your 4.0 customizations to 5.0
3. Important Additions
4. Notes and Restrictions
5. Turbo Pascal 5.0 and the Toolboxes
6. Listing of Files on the Disks
1. INSTALLATION
---------------
A new program, INSTALL.EXE, sets up Turbo Pascal on your system.
INSTALL works on both floppy-based and hard disk systems. To use
INSTALL on Drive A, for example, place the disk labeled
INSTALL/COMPILER in Drive A and type
A:INSTALL
If you are using a hard disk, INSTALL will copy all Turbo Pascal
files onto your hard disk and put them into subdirectories. The
default subdirectories are:
Turbo Pascal Directory: C:\TP
Graphics Subdirectory: C:\TP
Documentation Subdirectory: C:\TP\DOC
Example Subdirectory: C:\TP
Turbo Pascal 3.0 Compatibility Subdirectory: C:\TP\TURBO3
By default, separate subdirectories are created for the
documentation files (*.DOC and HELPME!.DOC), and the Turbo3
compatibility files (UPGRADE, TURBO3.TPU, GRAPH3.TPU, TURBO3.DOC,
etc.). All other files from the distribution disks are placed in
the Turbo Pascal Directory. If you would rather separate graphics
and example programs into their own subdirectories as well, edit
the default paths for those files before selecting START
INSTALLATION.
The BGI/DEMOS/DOC/TURBO3 disk contains several files with an .ARC
file extension: BGI.ARC, DEMOS.ARC, DOC.ARC, MCALC.ARC, and
TURBO3.ARC. These files actually contain several other files that
have been compressed and placed inside an archive. You can
dearchive them yourself by using the UNPACK.COM utility.
For example:
unpack demos
unpacks all the files stored in the DEMOS.ARC archive into the
current directory.
INSTALL gives you a choice of copying the .ARC files intact, or
dearchiving and copying all of the individual files onto your
hard disk during the installation process. Note that INSTALL does
not unpack the BGIEXAMP.ARC file stored in BGI.ARC. BGIEXAMP.ARC
contains all of the BGI examples from the reference chapter in
the manual. If you want to unpack the examples from this file, go
to the directory that contains both UNPACK.COM and BGIEXAMP.ARC
and type:
unpack bgiexamp
This will unpack all 69 examples from BGIEXAMP.ARC.
Special Notes
-------------
o If you use INSTALL's Upgrade option, 5.0 files will overwrite
any version 4.0 files that have the same names. If you have
INSTALL copy 5.0 files into your 4.0 subdirectory, some 4.0
files may still be left on disk and will not be overwritten.
In this case, you should delete any obsolete 4.0 files after
running INSTALL. This is especially important if you have
INSTALL build separate subdirectories for 5.0 file groups
(DOC, BGI, TURBO3, etc.).
Note that INSTALL's Upgrade option will run TINSTXFR.EXE for
you.
o If you install the graphics files into a separate
subdirectory (C:\TP\BGI, for example), remember to specify
the full path to the driver and font files when calling
InitGraph
InitGraph(Driver, Mode, 'C:\TP\BGI');
If GRAPH.TPU is not in the current directory, you'll need to
add its location to the Unit Directories in order to compile
a BGI program.
o If you have difficulty reading the text displayed by the
INSTALL or TINST programs, they will both accept an optional
command-line parameter that forces them to use black and
white colors:
a:install /B - Forces INSTALL into BW80 mode
a:tinst /B - Forces TINST into BW80 mode
Specifying the /B parameter may be necessary if you are using
an LCD screen or a system that has a color graphics adapter
and a monochrome or composite monitor. See the comments on
LCD screens in section (4) below.
2. NEW UTILITIES
----------------
2.1 THELP
----------
THELP is a memory-resident utility program that gives you
access to Turbo Pascal's context-sensitive help system from any
program. You don't need to use THELP if you're in the
Integrated Development Environment, but it is especially useful
if you use the command-line compiler and your own text editor,
or if you are debugging with the standalone Turbo Debugger. To
use THELP, load THELP.COM into memory by typing at the DOS
command line
thelp
You activate ("pop-up") THELP by typing its hot key -- by
default numeric keypad <5>. All Turbo Pascal help commands
apply (F1, Ctrl-F1, Alt-F1). For a complete description of
THELP, refer to THELP.DOC in the Documentation Subdirectory.
2.2 TINSTXFR
-------------
The TINSTXFR (Tinst Transfer) utility copies installation data
from Turbo Pascal 4.0 to 5.0. TINSTXFR is especially useful if
you used TINST to customize your 4.0 colors or editor commands
and you do not wish to reinstall them in 5.0. TINSTXFR takes
two parameters
tinstxfr \tp4\turbo \tp\turbo
The first is the path to your version 4.0 TURBO.EXE. The second
is the path to your version 5.0 TURBO.EXE.
Note that it is not necessary to use TINSTXFR; it is provided
as a convenience for programmers upgrading from 4.0 to 5.0. In
fact, if you use the INSTALL program's UPGRADE option, it will
run TINSTXFR for you.
3. IMPORTANT ADDITIONS
----------------------
The following features were added after the manual went to print:
o {$A} COMPILER DIRECTIVE. A new compiler directive, {$A}, has
been added that switches between byte and word alignment of
variables and typed constants. Word alignment, {$A+}, is the
default. When you choose word alignment, all variables and
typed constants larger than 1 byte are aligned on a
machine-word boundary (an even numbered address). If required,
unused bytes are inserted between variables to achieve word
alignment. When you choose byte alignment, no alignment
measures are taken, and variables and typed constants are
placed at the next available address, regardless of their size.
This compiler directive is equivalent to the
Options/Compiler/Align Data menu command (in the Integrated
Environment) and the /$A command-line parameter (for use with
TPC.EXE). Note that if you are recompiling programs using the
Editor Toolbox, make sure to compile all programs that use the
toolbox with {$A-}.
o /P PARAMETER FOR TURBO.EXE. A new command-line switch controls
palette swapping on EGA video adapters. Using this switch
turbo /p myprog
is only recommended when the user program modifies the EGA
palette registers. When /P is specified, the EGA palette is
restored each time the screen is swapped. In general, you don't
need to use this switch unless your program modifies the EGA
palette registers, or unless your program uses BGI to change
the palette.
o NEW LIBRARY ROUTINES. The following table lists functions and
procedures that have been modified or added to Turbo Pascal's
run-time library. Refer to the reference section of your manual
for more information:
Name Unit
---- ----
DosVersion function Dos
EnvCount function Dos
EnvStr function Dos
FExpand function Dos
FillEllipse procedure Graph
FSearch function Dos
FSplit procedure Dos
GetCBreak procedure Dos
GetDefaultPalette function Graph
GetDriverName function Graph
GetEnv function Dos
GetMaxMode function Graph
GetModeName function Graph
GetPaletteSize function Graph
GetVerify procedure Dos
InstallUserDriver function Graph
InstallUserFont function Graph
OvrClearBuf procedure Overlay
OvrGetBuf function Overlay
OvrInit procedure Overlay
OvrInitEMS procedure Overlay
OvrSetBuf procedure Overlay
RunError procedure System
Sector procedure Graph
SetAspectRatio procedure Graph
SetCBreak procedure Dos
SetRGBPalette procedure Graph
SetUserCharSize procedure Graph (modified)
SetVerify procedure Dos
SetWriteMode procedure Graph
SwapVectors procedure Dos
o NEW COMPILER ERROR MESSAGES. The following compiler error
messages are no longer reported or have been replaced by new
error messages: 108, 109, 110, 111, 115, 119, and 125. The
following new compiler error messages have been added:
133 Cannot evaluate this expression
134 Expression incorrectly terminated
135 Invalid format specifier
136 Invalid indirect reference
137 Structured variables are not allowed here
138 Cannot evaluate without System unit
139 Cannot access this symbol
140 Invalid floating-point operation
141 Cannot compile overlays to memory
142 Procedure or function variable expected
143 Invalid procedure or function reference
144 Cannot overlay this unit
145 Too many nested scopes (not in manual)
For detailed descriptions, please refer to the reference
section of the manual. Compiler error message 145 is a late
addition and is not in the manual.
145 Too many nested scopes
Your program has too many nested scopes. Each project can
have no more than 512 nested scopes with no more than 128
nested scopes in each module. Each unit in a uses clause,
each nested record type declaration, and each nested "with"
context count toward the total number of nested scopes.
o NEW RUN-TIME ERROR MESSAGES. The following new run-time error
messages have been added:
208 Overlay manager not installed
209 Overlay file read error
For detailed descriptions, please refer to the reference
section of the manual.
o STRING OPTIMIZATION. Two optimizations to string code
generation were made. When assigning or testing for a null
string value, optimal code is now generated for the following:
(1) StringVar := '';
(2) if StringVar = '' then...
Note that some 4.0 programmers used tricks to have the compiler
generate optimized code in place of the above:
(1) StringVar[0] := #0;
Length(StringVar) := 0;
(2) if Length(StringVar) = 0 then ...
These tricks are now unnecessary. (In fact, a function call on
the left-hand side of an assignment now--correctly--generates a
syntax error.)
4. NOTES AND RESTRICTIONS
-------------------------
o REBUILD 4.0 TPUs. The TPUs from all 4.0 programs must be
rebuilt in order to use them with Turbo Pascal 5.0. You'll need
all the source code in order to rebuild a program. If you are
using the Integrated Development Environment, load the main
program and select the Compile/Build menu command. If you are
using the command-line compiler, type:
tpc /b ProgramName
Appendix A in the manual discusses 3.0 and 4.0 compatibility
issues.
o LCD SCREENS. If you are using a laptop computer and have
difficulty reading the text displayed by the Integrated
Environment, use TINST and change MODE FOR DISPLAY to LCD OR
COMPOSITE. This will force the Integrated Environment to use
black and white colors. The same advice applies if your system
has a color graphics adapter and a monochrome or composite
monitor. In all cases, you can use TINST to customize the
colors for your system.
o DEBUGGING INT 9 HANDLERS. A program that takes over interrupt
9 cannot be debugged in the Integrated Environment (use the
standalone Turbo Debugger instead).
o EMS 3.2 SUPPORT. If your system has EMS and you want Turbo
Pascal to take advantage of it, both the Integrated Environment
and the overlay manager require EMS 3.2 or later.
o BGI & ZENITH Z-449. When using the BGI on a Zenith Z-449 card,
the 640x480 enhanced EGA mode will always be selected by the
autodetection code. If you are using the Z-449 with a monitor
that is not compatible with this mode, select a different mode
in the InitGraph call.
o CAN'T FIND RUN-TIME ERRORS. Turning Debug/Integrated Debugging
OFF also disables finding run-time errors in the Integrated
Environment.
o USER SCREEN. The Integrated Development Environment no longer
displays the message "Press any key to return to Turbo
Pascal..." when your program terminates. Instead, at the end of
your program, the User Screen is replaced by the Integrated
Development Environment. To view the User Screen, press Alt-
F5 or select the Run/User Screen menu command. Then, you can
press any key to return to the Integrated Development
Environment.
Note that you can toggle between the Output and Watch windows
by switching to the "lower" window and pressing Alt-F6.
o EXEC WITH NOVELL NETWORK. Versions of the Novell network system
software earlier than 2.01-2 do not support a DOS call used by
the Exec procedure (from the Dos unit). If you are using the
Integrated Development Environment to run a program that does
an Exec, and you have early Novell system software, set
Compile\Destination to Disk and run your program from DOS (you
can use File\OS Shell).
5. TURBO PASCAL 5.0 AND THE TOOLBOXES
-------------------------------------
The source code from the Turbo Pascal Tutor and all the Turbo
Pascal toolboxes is fully compatible with 5.0. Version 5.0
changes some compiler directives, however, and these should be
modified in the source code before recompiling the following
toolboxes:
o Database Toolbox files:
TAINST.PAS and TABUILD.PAS
Add {$A-} to the top of the file.
o Editor Toolbox files:
EDDIRECT.INC & MSDIRECT.INC
Add {$A-} to the top of the file.
Delete {$T+} from the file.
Add {$L+} after the line that contains {$D+}.
EDINST.PAS, MSINST.PAS, & INSTALL.PAS
Add {$A-} before the line {$V-}.
BINED.PAS
Add {$A-} before the line {$I-}.
The TPUs from all toolboxes must be rebuilt in order to use them
with Turbo Pascal 5.0.
6. LISTING OF FILES ON THE DISKS
--------------------------------
INSTALL/COMPILER
----------------
INSTALL EXE - Installs Turbo Pascal on your system
README COM - Program to display README file
TURBO EXE - Turbo Pascal Integrated Development Environment
TURBO TPL - Resident units for Turbo Pascal
TPC EXE - Command-line version of Turbo Pascal
THELP COM - Memory-resident help utility
README - This file!
HELP/UTILITIES
--------------
TURBO HLP - Turbo Pascal Help File
TINST EXE - Customization program for TURBO.EXE
TPUMOVER EXE - Unit mover utility
MAKE EXE - Utility for managing projects
GREP COM - Utility to search text files for strings
TOUCH COM - Utility to change the dates and times of files
BINOBJ EXE - Utility to convert a binary file to an .OBJ
TPCONFIG EXE - .TP to .CFG conversion utility
TINSTXFR EXE - Utility to transfer 4.0 options to 5.0
BGI/DEMOS/DOC/TURBO3
--------------------
UNPACK COM - Utility to unpack .ARC files
BGI ARC - Packed file that contains graphics documentation,
drivers, fonts, and examples
GRAPH DOC - Interface section listing for the Graph unit
GRAPH TPU - Borland Graphics Interface (BGI) Graph unit
ATT BGI - Graphics device driver for AT&T 6300
CGA BGI - Graphics device driver for CGA and MCGA
EGAVGA BGI - Graphics device driver for EGA and VGA
HERC BGI - Graphics device driver for Hercules mono
PC3270 BGI - Graphics device driver for 3270 PC
IBM8514 BGI - Graphics device driver for IBM 8514
GOTH CHR - Gothic font character set
LITT CHR - Small font character set
SANS CHR - Sans serif font character set
TRIP CHR - Triplex font character set
BGIDEMO PAS - Graph unit demo
ARTY PAS - Graph unit demo
BGILINK PAS - Graph unit demo that shows how to link font and
driver files into an .EXE file
DRIVERS PAS - Example unit for use with BGILINK.PAS
FONTS PAS - Example unit for use with BGILINK.PAS
BGILINK MAK - Make file for use with BGILINK.PAS
BGIEXAMP ARC - Packed file that contains all of the graphics
examples listed in the manual's reference chapter.
DEMOS ARC - Packed file that contains example programs
EXECDEMO PAS - Executes a child program (DOS unit)
DIRDEMO PAS - Displays directory, uses procedural types
CRTDEMO PAS - Crt unit demo
OVRDEMO PAS - Overlay unit demo
OVRDEMO1 PAS - Example unit for OVRDEMO.PAS
OVRDEMO2 PAS - Example unit for OVRDEMO.PAS
CIRCULAR PAS - Demos the USES clause in implementation section
DISPLAY PAS - Example unit for CIRCULAR.PAS
ERROR PAS - Example unit for CIRCULAR.PAS
QSORT PAS - QuickSort example
LISTER PAS - Printer unit demo
HILB PAS - Floating-point demo
FIB8087 PAS - Recursive example that uses the 8087 math
coprocessor and avoids 8087 stack overflow
PROCVAR PAS - Simple procedural types demo
EMS PAS - Example program that shows how to use expanded
memory from your programs
CPASDEMO PAS - Example program that shows how to link TURBO C .OBJ
files into Turbo Pascal programs
CPASDEMO C - C program for use with CPASDEMO.PAS
CTOPAS TC - Turbo C configuration file to use with TC.EXE
for producing .OBJ files that can be linked with
Turbo Pascal (see CPASDEMO.PAS)
TURBOC CFG - Turbo C configuration file to use with TCC.EXE for
producing .OBJ files that can be linked with Turbo
Pascal (see CPASDEMO.PAS)
DOC ARC - Interface section listings for system units
THELP DOC - Documentation for memory-resident help utility
SYSTEM DOC - Interface section listing for the System unit
DOS DOC - Interface section listing for the Dos unit
CRT DOC - Interface section listing for the Crt unit
PRINTER DOC - Interface section listing for the Printer unit
OVERLAY DOC - Interface section listing for the Overlay unit
MCALC ARC - Packed file with complete source code to
MicroCalc example program
TURBO3 ARC - Turbo 3.0 compatibility files
UPGRADE EXE - Program that converts 3.0 programs to 5.0
UPGRADE DTA - Data file for UPGRADE.EXE
TURBO3 TPU - TURBO3 compatibility unit
GRAPH3 TPU - GRAPH3 compatibility unit (turtle graphics)
TURBO3 DOC - Interface section listing for the Turbo3 unit
GRAPH3 DOC - Interface section listing for the Graph3 unit
BCD PAS - Unit to convert Turbo Pascal 3.0 BCD reals to
Turbo Pascal 5.0 floating point numbers
HELPME! DOC - Text file with the answers to many common
questions. Please read HELPME!.DOC before
contacting Technical Support.

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