528 lines
13 KiB
C++
528 lines
13 KiB
C++
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/*
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This version builds with old compilers including:
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Aztec C 1.06 for 8080 & Z80 on CP/M.
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Microsoft C Compiler V1.04 for 8086 on DOS. (This is Lattice C)
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Microsoft C Compiler V2.03 for 8086 on DOS. (Still Lattice C)
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Microsoft C Compiler V3.00 for 8086 on DOS.
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QuickC 1.0
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Turbo C 2.0
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The syntax is old and reminds me of 7th grade summer vacation.
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Much of this code is awkward to satisfy the lowest common denominator of many compilers.
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unsigned long isn't supported in many older compilers, so long is used instead.
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Early DOS and CP/M require register variabes to be int, not char or other types.
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The perf improvement of using register-int instead of stack-char is worth it.
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*/
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#define LINT_ARGS
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#include <stdio.h>
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#ifdef DOSTIME
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#include <time.h>
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#include <dos.h>
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#endif
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#define true 1
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#define false 0
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/* Function Pointers are the fastest implementation for almost every compiler */
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#define UseFunPointers 1
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#define UseWinner2 2
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#define UseLookForWinner 3
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#define WinMethod UseFunPointers
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#define ABPrune true /* alpha beta pruning */
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#define WinLosePrune true /* stop early on win/lose */
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#define ScoreWin 6
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#define ScoreTie 5
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#define ScoreLose 4
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#define ScoreMax 9
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#define ScoreMin 2
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#define DefaultIterations 100
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#define PieceX 1
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#define PieceO 2
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#define PieceBlank 0
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typedef char ttype; /* 8-bit and 16-bit cpus do best with char aside from register in locals */
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int g_Iterations = DefaultIterations;
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ttype g_board[ 9 ];
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#if WinMethod == UseFunPointers
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ttype pos0func()
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{
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/* using "register int" instead of "ttype" for x is faster on 8086 and Z80 */
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register int x = g_board[0];
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if ( ( x == g_board[1] && x == g_board[2] ) ||
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( x == g_board[3] && x == g_board[6] ) ||
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( x == g_board[4] && x == g_board[8] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos1func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[1];
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if ( ( x == g_board[0] && x == g_board[2] ) ||
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( x == g_board[4] && x == g_board[7] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos2func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[2];
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if ( ( x == g_board[0] && x == g_board[1] ) ||
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( x == g_board[5] && x == g_board[8] ) ||
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( x == g_board[4] && x == g_board[6] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos3func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[3];
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if ( ( x == g_board[4] && x == g_board[5] ) ||
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( x == g_board[0] && x == g_board[6] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos4func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[4];
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if ( ( x == g_board[0] && x == g_board[8] ) ||
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( x == g_board[2] && x == g_board[6] ) ||
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( x == g_board[1] && x == g_board[7] ) ||
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( x == g_board[3] && x == g_board[5] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos5func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[5];
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if ( ( x == g_board[3] && x == g_board[4] ) ||
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( x == g_board[2] && x == g_board[8] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos6func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[6];
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if ( ( x == g_board[7] && x == g_board[8] ) ||
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( x == g_board[0] && x == g_board[3] ) ||
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( x == g_board[4] && x == g_board[2] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos7func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[7];
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if ( ( x == g_board[6] && x == g_board[8] ) ||
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( x == g_board[1] && x == g_board[4] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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ttype pos8func()
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{
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register int x = g_board[8];
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if ( ( x == g_board[6] && x == g_board[7] ) ||
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( x == g_board[2] && x == g_board[5] ) ||
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( x == g_board[0] && x == g_board[4] ) )
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return x;
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return PieceBlank;
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}
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typedef ttype pfunc_t();
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pfunc_t * winner_functions[9] =
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{
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pos0func,
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pos1func,
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pos2func,
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pos3func,
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pos4func,
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pos5func,
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pos6func,
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pos7func,
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pos8func,
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};
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#endif
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#if WinMethod == UseWinner2
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ttype winner2( move ) ttype move;
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{
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register int x; /* faster than ttype x on the stack */
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switch( move ) /* msc v3 from 1985 generates a jump table! */
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{
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case 0:
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{
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x = g_board[ 0 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[1] ) && ( x == g_board[2] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[3] ) && ( x == g_board[6] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[4] ) && ( x == g_board[8] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 1:
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{
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x = g_board[ 1 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[0] ) && ( x == g_board[2] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[4] ) && ( x == g_board[7] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 2:
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{
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x = g_board[ 2 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[0] ) && ( x == g_board[1] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[5] ) && ( x == g_board[8] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[4] ) && ( x == g_board[6] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 3:
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{
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x = g_board[ 3 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[4] ) && ( x == g_board[5] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[0] ) && ( x == g_board[6] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 4:
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{
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x = g_board[ 4 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[0] ) && ( x == g_board[8] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[2] ) && ( x == g_board[6] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[1] ) && ( x == g_board[7] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[3] ) && ( x == g_board[5] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 5:
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{
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x = g_board[ 5 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[3] ) && ( x == g_board[4] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[2] ) && ( x == g_board[8] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 6:
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{
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x = g_board[ 6 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[7] ) && ( x == g_board[8] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[0] ) && ( x == g_board[3] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[4] ) && ( x == g_board[2] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 7:
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{
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x = g_board[ 7 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[6] ) && ( x == g_board[8] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[1] ) && ( x == g_board[4] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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case 8:
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{
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x = g_board[ 8 ];
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if ( ( ( x == g_board[6] ) && ( x == g_board[7] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[2] ) && ( x == g_board[5] ) ) ||
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( ( x == g_board[0] ) && ( x == g_board[4] ) ) )
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return x;
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break;
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}
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}
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return PieceBlank;
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} /*winner2*/
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#endif
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#if WinMethod == UseLookForWinner
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ttype LookForWinner()
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{
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register int p = g_board[0]; /* faster as register int than ttype on 8086 and Z80 */
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if ( PieceBlank != p )
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{
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if ( p == g_board[1] && p == g_board[2] )
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return p;
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if ( p == g_board[3] && p == g_board[6] )
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return p;
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}
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p = g_board[3];
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if ( PieceBlank != p && p == g_board[4] && p == g_board[5] )
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return p;
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p = g_board[6];
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if ( PieceBlank != p && p == g_board[7] && p == g_board[8] )
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return p;
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p = g_board[1];
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if ( PieceBlank != p && p == g_board[4] && p == g_board[7] )
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return p;
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p = g_board[2];
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if ( PieceBlank != p && p == g_board[5] && p == g_board[8] )
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return p;
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p = g_board[4];
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if ( PieceBlank != p )
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{
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if ( ( p == g_board[0] ) && ( p == g_board[8] ) )
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return p;
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if ( ( p == g_board[2] ) && ( p == g_board[6] ) )
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return p;
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}
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return PieceBlank;
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} /*LookForWinner*/
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#endif
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int g_IMoves = 0;
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ttype MinMax( alpha, beta, depth, move ) ttype alpha; ttype beta; ttype depth; ttype move;
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{
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ttype pieceMove, score; /* better perf with char than int. out of registers so use stack */
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register int p, value; /* better perf with these as an int on Z80, 8080, and 8086 */
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g_IMoves++;
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if ( depth >= 4 )
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{
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#if WinMethod == UseFunPointers
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p = ( * winner_functions[ move ] )();
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#endif
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#if WinMethod == UseWinner2
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p = winner2( move );
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#endif
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#if WinMethod == UseLookForWinner
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p = LookForWinner();
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#endif
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if ( PieceBlank != p )
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{
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if ( PieceX == p )
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return ScoreWin;
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return ScoreLose;
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}
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if ( 8 == depth )
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return ScoreTie;
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}
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if ( depth & 1 )
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{
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value = ScoreMin;
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pieceMove = PieceX;
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}
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else
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{
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value = ScoreMax;
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pieceMove = PieceO;
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}
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for ( p = 0; p < 9; p++ )
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{
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if ( PieceBlank == g_board[ p ] )
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{
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g_board[p] = pieceMove;
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score = MinMax( alpha, beta, depth + 1, p );
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g_board[p] = PieceBlank;
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if ( depth & 1 )
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{
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#if WinLosePrune /* #if statements must be in first column for MS C 1.0 */
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if ( ScoreWin == score )
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return ScoreWin;
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#endif
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if ( score > value )
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{
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value = score;
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#if ABPrune
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if ( value >= beta )
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return value;
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if ( value > alpha )
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alpha = value;
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#endif
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}
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}
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else
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{
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#if WinLosePrune
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if ( ScoreLose == score )
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return ScoreLose;
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#endif
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if ( score < value )
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{
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value = score;
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#if ABPrune
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if ( value <= alpha )
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return value;
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if ( value < beta )
|
||
|
|
beta = value;
|
||
|
|
#endif
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return value;
|
||
|
|
} /*MinMax*/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
long g_Moves = 0;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
int FindSolution( position ) ttype position;
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
register int i;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < 9; i++ )
|
||
|
|
g_board[ i ] = PieceBlank;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
g_board[ position ] = PieceX;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for ( i = 0; i < g_Iterations; i++ )
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
g_IMoves = 0;
|
||
|
|
MinMax( ScoreMin, ScoreMax, 0, position );
|
||
|
|
g_Moves += g_IMoves; /* do the 4-byte long addition once per loop to save work */
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return 0;
|
||
|
|
} /*FindSolution*/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#ifdef CPMTIME
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
struct CPMTimeValue
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
int h, m, s, l;
|
||
|
|
};
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
void print_time_now()
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
/* This CP/M BDOS call of 105 is only implemented in NTVCM -- it's not a standard CP/M 2.2 call */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
struct CPMTimeValue t;
|
||
|
|
t.h = t.m = t.s = t.l = 0;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
bdos( 105, &t );
|
||
|
|
printf( "current time: %02d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", t.h, t.m, t.s, t.l );
|
||
|
|
} /*print_time_now*/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
long get_ms()
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
/* This CP/M BDOS call of 105 is only implemented in NTVCM -- it's not a standard CP/M 2.2 call */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
long h, m, s, l;
|
||
|
|
struct CPMTimeValue t;
|
||
|
|
t.h = t.m = t.s = t.l = 0;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
bdos( 105, &t );
|
||
|
|
h = t.h;
|
||
|
|
m = t.m;
|
||
|
|
s = t.s;
|
||
|
|
l = t.l;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return h * 3600000 + m * 60000 + s * 1000 + l * 10;
|
||
|
|
} /*get_ms*/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#else /* no elif with old compilers */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#ifdef DOSTIME
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
void print_time_now()
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
/* Make a DOS interrupt call to get the time */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
union REGS wrIn, wrOut;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
wrIn.h.ah = 0x2c;
|
||
|
|
intdos( &wrIn, &wrOut );
|
||
|
|
printf( "current time: %02d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", wrOut.h.ch, wrOut.h.cl, wrOut.h.dh, wrOut.h.dl );
|
||
|
|
fflush( stdout );
|
||
|
|
} /*print_time_now*/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
long get_ms()
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
/* this function takes about 3 milliseconds on the original IBM PC */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
long h, m, s, l;
|
||
|
|
union REGS wrIn, wrOut;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
wrIn.h.ah = 0x2c;
|
||
|
|
intdos( &wrIn, &wrOut );
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
h = wrOut.h.ch;
|
||
|
|
m = wrOut.h.cl;
|
||
|
|
s = wrOut.h.dh;
|
||
|
|
l = wrOut.h.dl;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return h * 3600000 + m * 60000 + s * 1000 + l * 10;
|
||
|
|
} /*get_ms*/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#else
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
/* must do this on actual CP/M machines */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
int print_time_now() { return 0; }
|
||
|
|
long get_ms() { return 0; }
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#endif
|
||
|
|
#endif
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
int cdecl main( argc, argv ) int argc; char * argv[];
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
long start_time, end_time;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if ( 2 == argc )
|
||
|
|
sscanf( argv[ 1 ], "%d", &g_Iterations ); /* no atoi in MS C 1.0 */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
start_time = get_ms();
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
FindSolution( 0 );
|
||
|
|
FindSolution( 1 );
|
||
|
|
FindSolution( 4 );
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
end_time = get_ms();
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
printf( "runtime in ms: %ld\n", end_time - start_time );
|
||
|
|
printf( "move count: %ld\n", g_Moves ); /* 6493 * g_Iterations */
|
||
|
|
printf( "iteration count: %d\n", g_Iterations );
|
||
|
|
printf( "method: %s\n",
|
||
|
|
( WinMethod == UseFunPointers ) ? "function pointers" :
|
||
|
|
( WinMethod == UseWinner2 ) ? "winner2" :
|
||
|
|
( WinMethod == UseLookForWinner ) ? "look for winner" :
|
||
|
|
"invalid method" );
|
||
|
|
return 0;
|
||
|
|
} /*main*/
|
||
|
|
|