WELCOME TO TURBO C 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 This README file contains information that will be useful and/or of interest to you. Please read it in its entirety, referring to it when you encounter problems not addressed in the Owner's Handbook. TABLE OF CONTENTS 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 1. How to get Help 2. Corrections/Additions to the Manual 3. Important tips 4. Files on the disk 5. Using Turbo C with DOS 3.2 and a Floating Point Coprocessor 6. How to compile MicroCalc 1. HOW TO GET HELP 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 If you have any problems, please read this file and the Owner's Handbook first. If you still have a question and need assistance, help is available from the following sources: 1. Type GO BORLAND on the CompuServe bulletin board system for instant access to the Borland forums with their libraries of technical information and answers to common questions. If you are not a member of CompuServe, see the enclosed special offer, and write for full details on how to receive a free IntroPak containing a $15 credit toward your first month's on-line charges. 2. Check with your local software dealer or users' group. 3. Write to us at the following address: Borland International Turbo C Technical Support 4585 Scotts Valley Dr Scotts Valley, CA 95066 Please remember to include your serial number or we will be unable to process your letter. 4. If you have an urgent problem that cannot wait and you have sent in the license agreement from the front of your manual, you may call the Borland Technical Support department. Please have the following information ready before calling: a. Product name and serial number on your original distribution disk. Please have your serial number ready or we will be unable to process your call. b. Product version number. The version number for Turbo C is displayed when you first load the program and before you press any keys. c. Computer brand, model, and the brands and model numbers of any additional hardware. d. Operating system and version number. (The version number can be determined by typing VER at the DOS prompt.) e. Contents of your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. f. Contents of your CONFIG.SYS file. 2. CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS TO THE MANUAL 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 User's Guide (Volume I) - Page 10 - The Distribution List is inaccurate. The correct list of files included with Turbo C is given in this readme in Section Four. - Page 98 - The example has a statement: while ((ch=getch()) != '\n') { The correct statement is: while ((ch=getch()) != '\r') { Note the '\n' is changed to '\r'. Reference Guide (Volume II) - Page 29 - The description for assert says that to disable the assert macro, the symbol NDEBUG must be defined before the assert macro is used. In fact it must be placed before assert.h is included: #define NDEBUG #include - Page 46 - The correct usage for the bsearch function is: void *bsearch(void *key, void *base, int nelem, int width, int (*fcmp)()); That is, nelem is an int, not a pointer to an int, as given in the documentation. - Page 108 - The Portability paragraph for the getc function says that the functions described in that section (getc, getchar, fgetc, etc.) are all in Unix. In fact, all but getch, getche, and ungetch are in Unix; these others are MSDOS specific. - Page 181 - The printf chart is incorrect. The correct chart is: prefix 6d 6o 8x 10.2e 10.2f %-+#0 |+555 |01053 |0x22b |+5.50e+000 |+5.50 | %-+# |+555 |01053 |0x22b |+5.50e+000 |+5.50 | %-+0 |+555 |1053 |22b |+5.50e+000 |+5.50 | %-+ |+555 |1053 |22b |+5.50e+000 |+5.50 | %-#0 |555 |01053 |0x22b |5.50e+000 |5.50 | %-# |555 |01053 |0x22b |5.50e+000 |5.50 | %-0 |555 |1053 |22b |5.50e+000 |5.50 | %- |555 |1053 |22b |5.50e+000 |5.50 | %+#0 |+00555 |001053 |0x00022b |+5.50e+000 |+000005.50 | %+# | +555 | 01053 | 0x22b |+5.50e+000 | +5.50 | %+0 |+00555 |001053 |0000022b |+5.50e+000 |+000005.50 | %+ | +555 | 1053 | 22b |+5.50e+000 | +5.50 | %#0 |000555 |001053 |0x00022b |05.50e+000 |0000005.50 | %# | 555 | 01053 | 0x22b | 5.50e+000 | 5.50 | %0 |000555 |001053 |0000022b |05.50e+000 |0000005.50 | % | 555 | 1053 | 22b | 5.50e+000 | 5.50 | - Page 197 - The description of the scanf conversion type characters lists F to indicate a float conversion. This is not correct. F is not a valid type character. It is used instead to override the default size of the corresponding address argument to be a far pointer. That is, the format %F is not valid; it does not specify a float conversion. The format %Ff specifies a float conversion into an argument that is given with a far pointer. - Page 231 - The proper description for the strstr function is: strstr scans str1 for the first occurrence of the substring str2. - The Merge string option (O/C/Code generation/Merge duplicate strings or -d) is actually default OFF, not default ON. - The discussion of text mode I/O in the functions close (p. 54) and read (p. 188) states that Ctrl-Z is written to the end of a text mode file when that file is closed, if that file was opened for write. That is incorrect. No Ctrl-Z is written for you. If you want your text file to be terminated with a Ctrl-Z, you need to explicitly output one yourself. Some older programs on DOS require a Ctrl-Z at the end of text files. This is an outmoded practice inherited from CP/M. - The description of the intdos, intdosx, int86 and int86x functions is incomplete. The union REGS structure used by all four functions has the additional field x.flags. This field is set to the 8086 flags register after the system call is made. This is in contrast to the x.cflag field, which simply contains the state of the carry flag. Further, for int86x and intdosx, the segregs->es and segregs->ds fields are set to the values of the corresponding segment registers after the system call. - The variable int _doserrno is declared in dos.h and errno.h. _stklen Name _stklen Usage extern unsigned _stklen; Description _stklen is used to specify the size of the stack. In large data models (compact, large and huge), _stklen is the exact stack size in bytes. In small data models (tiny, small and medium), _stklen is used by the startup code to compute the minimum size of the DATA segment: min DATA segment size = size of _DATA segment + size of _BSS segment + _stklen + MINSTACK (128 words). If the memory available is less than this, the startup aborts the program. _8087 Name _8087 Usage extern int _8087; Description The _8087 variable is set to 1 if an 8087 or 80287 is detected or if the 87 environment variable is set to Y (set 87=Y). It is set to 0 otherwise. You must have floating point code in your program for _8087 to be set to 1. 3. IMPORTANT TIPS 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� - When copying the *.H files from the Libraries and Header Files disk be sure to copy the SYS sub-directory and its contents. - The C startup routine (c0?.obj) parses the command line to set up the argc, argv arguments to main. Double quotes on the command line can be used to bracket a single argument that has embedded blanks. For example, in the following, the program MYPROG.EXE is invoked with three arguments: myprog arg1 "arg2 with embedded blanks" arg3 The second argument contains embedded blanks. - Here is further explanation of the switch to disable register variables (-r- or O/C/Optimization/Use register variables..Off). Not only will the compiler not use register variables, but it also will not respect and preserve register variables (si,di) from any caller. For that reason, you should not have code that uses register variables call code which has been compiled -r-. 4. FILES ON THE DISK 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Disk 1 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 README COM -- Reads this README TC EXE -- Turbo C Compiler TCINST COM -- Installation program for TC.EXE TCHELP TCH -- Help file for Turbo C HELLO C -- Example Turbo C program README -- This file! Disk 2 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 TCC EXE -- Command line version of Turbo C Compiler CPP EXE -- Turbo C preprocessor MAKE EXE -- Program for managing projects TLINK EXE -- Borland Turbo Linker TOUCH COM -- Program that updates a file's date and time CNVTCFG EXE -- Program to convert configuration files BUILD-C0 BAT -- Batch file for building the startup code modules C0 ASM -- Assembler source for startup code RULES ASI -- Assembler include file for interfacing with Turbo C SETENVP ASM -- Assembler source code for preparing the environment SETARGV ASM -- Assembler source code for parsing the command line MAIN C -- Alternative, stripped-down C main file Disk 3 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 ???????? H -- Turbo C header files C0T OBJ -- Tiny model startup code C0S OBJ -- Small model startup code MATHS LIB -- Small model math library CS LIB -- Small model run-time library C0L OBJ -- Large model startup code MATHL LIB -- Large model math library CL LIB -- Large model run-time library EMU LIB -- 8087 emulator library FP87 LIB -- 8087 library MCALC C -- MicroCalc main program source code MCALC H -- The header file for MicroCalc MCALC PRJ -- The MicroCalc project file MCALC DOC -- Documentation for MicroCalc MCOMMAND C -- MicroCalc commands source code MCDISPLY C -- MicroCalc screen display source code MCINPUT C -- MicroCalc input routines source code MCPARSER C -- MicroCalc input parser source code MCUTIL C -- MicroCalc utilities source code MCMVSMEM C -- MicroCalc direct screen memory write source code MCMVSMEM OBJ -- Compiled version of MCMVSMEM.C - will link with any memory model SYS DIRECTORY 컴컴컴컴컴컴� STAT H -- Turbo C header file with file status/directory functions Disk 4 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 C0C OBJ -- Compact model startup code MATHC LIB -- Compact model math library CC LIB -- Compact model run-time library C0M OBJ -- Medium model startup code MATHM LIB -- Medium model math library CM LIB -- Medium model run-time library C0H OBJ -- Huge model startup code MATHH LIB -- Huge model math library CH LIB -- Huge model run-time library MATHERR C -- Source code for handling math library exceptions FILECOMP C -- Example Turbo C program to compare files GETOPT C -- Parses options in commmand line CPINIT OBJ -- Initialization code to be used when linking Turbo C and Turbo Prolog. BAR C -- Example function to be used with PBAR.PRO PBAR PRO -- Example Turbo Prolog program to be used with BAR.C 5. USING TURBO C WITH DOS 3.2 AND A FLOATING POINT COPROCESSOR 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 DOS 3.2 has a bug in its handling of floating exceptions. When an exception occurs, the system allocates a local stack for the exception handler. Unfortunately, when a system stack gets allocated, it never gets deallocated. The default number of stacks is 8. After 9 floating point exceptions occur, the system hangs and a cold reboot is required. Typical exceptions are overflow and divide by zero. The stacks are not reclaimed when a program terminates, so a program which divides by zero once will crash the machine if run 9 times. To avoid this problem, you can either: 1. Not use DOS 3.2. 2. Obtain a patch from IBM or Microsoft which fixes the bug, and install it on your copy of DOS. 3. Not use a floating point coprocessor. 4. Disable the exception trapping in your Turbo C program. You can do this easily by calling the _clear87() library function. For example, #include unsigned int fpstatus; /* stdlib.h included for exit, stdio.h for puts */ #include #include main() { _clear87(); /* do floating point work here */ /* ... */ /* now, check for masked exceptions before exiting */ fpstatus = _status87(); if (fpstatus & SW_INVALID) puts("Floating point error: invalid operation."); if (fpstatus & SW_ZERODIVIDE) puts("Floating point error: zero divide."); if (fpstatus & SW_OVERFLOW) puts("Floating point error: overflow."); exit(fpstatus & (SW_INVALID | SW_ZERODIVIDE | SW_OVERFLOW)); } 6. HOW TO COMPILE MICROCALC 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� In order to compile MicroCalc do the following: With TC.EXE: 1. Run TC.EXE 2. In the Project pulldown menu specify the project name "MCALC.PRJ" 3. From the main menu select the Run option With TCC.EXE: Compile from DOS with the following command line: TCC mcalc mcparser mcdisply mcinput mcommand mcutil mcmvsmem.obj In both cases, compiling under a large data model (COMPACT, LARGE, or HUGE) will give you much more memory for your spreadsheets. END 컴� >