334 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
334 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
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WELCOME TO TURBO PASCAL 3.0
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---------------------------
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This file contains important information not found in the Reference
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Manual. Included is information on how to get technical help, a
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description of differences between Turbo Pascal 2.0 and 3.0,
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corrections to the Reference Manual, and a complete list of files on
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the distribution disk. Since this file contains information important
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to you, please read it in its entirety; hopefully it will answer any
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questions you may have.
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Special Note: Turbo Pascal now comes complete with three versions of
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the compiler. The standard compiler: TURBO.COM, the compiler with
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support for the optional 8087 math coprocessor: TURBO-87.COM, and the
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compiler with BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) real number support for precise,
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business oriented computations: TURBOBCD.COM. Simply recompile your
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source code with one of the compilers to take advantage of the optional
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real number support. Please note that to use TURBO-87.COM you must
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have an 8087 coprocessor chip installed in your computer. Most
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computers do not come with the 8087 chip installed.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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-----------------
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1. How to Get Help
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2. Differences between Turbo Pascal 2.0 and 3.0
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3. Corrections to the Reference Manual
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4. File List
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1. HOW TO GET HELP
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------------------
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If you need help with Turbo Pascal, please read this help file and
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the Reference Manual thoroughly. Also, see Appendix N of the Turbo
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Pascal Reference Manual for common questions and answers.
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If you still have a question and need technical assistance, please
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have the following information ready before calling our technical
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support department:
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1. Product name and version number. (The version number of Turbo
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Pascal appears above the "Include error messages?" prompt when the
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program is first loaded.)
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2. Computer name, model and any additional hardware.
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3. Operating system and version number. (The version number
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generally is displayed when your system is first booted.)
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Technical assistance is also available from the following sources:
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1. Type GO BORLAND on the CompuServe bulletin board system.
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2. Check with your local software dealer or user group.
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3. Write to: Borland International
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Turbo Pascal Technical Support
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4585 Scotts Valley Drive
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Scotts Valley, CA 95066
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2. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TURBO PASCAL 2.0 AND 3.0
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-----------------------------------------------
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General Differences
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-------------------
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1. Turbo Pascal no longer does a ClrScr when your program first begins.
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2. Turbo Pascal no longer does a GoToXY(1, 25) when your program
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terminates.
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3. The use of file handles now necessitates closing all files, even
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if they were not modified. You should also place a "FILES = 20"
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statement in your CONFIG.SYS file. Note that DOS always uses five
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file handles (standard input, output, error, auxiliary, standard
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printer). Please refer to your DOS technical reference manual for
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more information about DOS file handles.
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4. The handling of some logical devices has been changed to conform
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with standard Pascal and with Turbo Pascal's handling of other
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files:
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a. A read statement using the logical device TRM is now buffered
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and terminates with a <CR>.
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b. The KBD device is not buffered. For this reason, look-ahead
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functions (EOF, EOLN, readln) used on the KBD device will
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always "wait" for a key to be pressed.
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TINST Installation
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------------------
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1. TINST now allows you to install a pathname which is used by Turbo
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Pascal when loading the error message file (TURBO.MSG).
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2. In the screen installation, after choosing your display type, the
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following question will appear:
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Does your screen blink when the text scrolls? (Y/N);
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If the screen is "snowy" in the Turbo Pascal editor, answer "Y" to
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this question.
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Chain and Execute
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-----------------
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1. Heap preserved during Chain.
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2. Chain and Execute no longer set a flag in the command line
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parameter.
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Inline
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------
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A constant identifier used in an INLINE statement does not always
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generate two bytes of code.
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New File Oriented Procedures and Functions
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------------------------------------------
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1. Append procedure.
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2. Full DOS path-name supported.
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3. I/O re-direction.
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4. New FIB formats.
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5. Optional parameter on text file declaration sets buffer size.
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6. Optional parameter on Reset/ReWrite sets block size for
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untyped files.
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7. Optional 4th parameter on BlockRead/BlockWrite returns the number
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of blocks processed.
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8. Read and ReadLn work with array of char.
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9. LongFileSize function.
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10. LongFilePosition function.
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11. LongSeek procedure.
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12. SeekEoln function.
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13. SeekEof function.
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14. Truncate procedure.
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Other New Procedures and Functions
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----------------------------------
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1. ChDir procedure.
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2. Command line parameters on Options menu.
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3. Delay procedure independent of processor speed.
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4. Exit procedure.
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5. Extended graphics procedures & functions (see page 309 in
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manual for overview).
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6. GetDir procedure.
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7. MkDir procedure.
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8. Multiple EXTERNAL subprograms in one file.
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9. Optional parameter on Halt to return error code.
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10. OvrPath procedure.
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11. ParamCount function.
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12. ParamStr function.
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13. RmDir procedure.
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14. Turtlegraphics procedures, functions, and constants (see
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page 309-310 in manual for overview).
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Overlays
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--------
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1. Overlays can be run in Memory mode.
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2. Overlay files are opened and closed every time they are accessed.
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Therefore, there is never a need to specifically close an overlay
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file.
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3. The Y compiler directive is no longer supported. Instead, the
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OvrPath standard procedure may be used to specify the drive and
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subdirectory in which overlay files reside.
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3. CORRECTIONS TO THE MANUAL
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----------------------------
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Page 168: Text Windows
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----------------------
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Add the following text:
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The maximum number of rows in a text window has been expanded in
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order to support video adapters such as the EGA which support screens
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of up to 43 lines.
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Page 189: ChDir
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---------------
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Add the following text:
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ChDir also changes the logged drive if St contains a DRIVE name
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followed by a colon.
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Page 241 & 273:
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---------------
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Add the following section:
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User Written Error Handlers
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---------------------------
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In Turbo Pascal 3.0 you may write your own error handler, which
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is called in case of an I/O or Run-time error. The procedure must
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have the following header:
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procedure Error(ErrNo, ErrAddr: Integer);
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The name of the procedure and its parameters are unimportant, as
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long as it is a procedure with two value parameters of type
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Integer.
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The value passed in ErrNo is the error type and number. The most
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significant byte, i.e. "Hi(ErrNo)", contains the error type, and
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the least significant byte, i.e. "Lo(ErrNo)", contains the error
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number (see Appendix F or G in the Turbo Pascal Reference Manual).
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The following error types are defined:
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0 User Break (Ctrl-C).
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1 I/O error.
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2 Run-time error.
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In case of a user interrupt (Ctrl-C), the low byte of "ErrNo" is
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always 1. "ErrAddr" contains the address (offset in Code Segment
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for 16 bit versions) of the error.
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To activate the error handler, assign its offset address to the
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standard variable "ErrorPtr", i.e.
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ErrorPtr:=Ofs(Error); { 16 bit } or
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ErrorPtr:=Addr(Error); { 8 bit }
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There are no limits to what an error handler may do. Typically it
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will close all open files, output an error message, and call the
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Halt standard procedure to terminate the program. If an error
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handler returns, i.e. if it does not call Halt, or if an error
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occurs within an error handler, Turbo Pascal will itself output
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the error message and terminate the program.
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Page 325: Run-Time Error Messages
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---------------------------------
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Error 91, add the following text:
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Error also occurs when you do a Dispose(p), where p is a nil
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pointer.
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Page 328: I/O Error Messages
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----------------------------
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Error F1, add the following text:
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Error F1 also occurs when an illegal file name is specified.
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Page 365: Compile/Run-Time/I/O Errors
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-------------------------------------
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First question
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A: You can do two things: break your code into smaller segments
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and use the $1 compiler directive or compile to a .COM or .CMD
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file.
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should be:
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A: You can do two things: break your code into smaller segments
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and use the $I compiler directive or compile to a .COM or .CMD
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file.
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Page 374: Keyboard
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------------------
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Third question, add the following text:
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Make sure the C compiler directive is turned off before using the
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KeyPressed function. For information in the C compiler directive,
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see Appendix C in the Reference Manual.
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Page 375 - File I/O
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-------------------
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First question, add the following text:
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Notice that Function Exist should also close the file it just opened
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in order to conserve DOS file handles:
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Add the following line of code after Reset(Fil);
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Close(fil);
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4. FILE LIST
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------------
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File Description
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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README COM - a program that displays this file
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TURBO COM - Turbo Pascal compiler
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TURBO-87 COM - Turbo Pascal compiler with 8087 support
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TURBOBCD COM - Turbo Pascal compiler with BCD reals
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TURBO MSG - text file containing error messages
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TINST COM - installation program
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TINST MSG - messages for the installation program
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GRAPH P - external declarations for use with routines in
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GRAPH.BIN
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GRAPH BIN - extended graphics and turtlegraphics machine
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language routines
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CALC PAS - sample spreadsheet program
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CALC INC - include file for CALC.PAS
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CALC HLP - spreadsheet help file
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CALCDEMO MCS - spreadsheet data file (not for use with TURBO-87
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or TURBOBCD)
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ART PAS - sample graphics program
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CMDLINE PAS - get parameters from the command line
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COLOR PAS - sample color program
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DEMO-BCD PAS - demonstrates increased precision of TURBOBCD
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DEMO1-87 PAS - demonstrates increased speed and precision of
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TURBO-87
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DEMO2-87 PAS - demonstrates increased speed and precision of
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TURBO-87
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GETDATE PAS - get the date from DOS
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GETTIME PAS - get the time from DOS
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LISTER PAS - simple program to list your Pascal source
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SOUND PAS - sample sound program
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SUBDIR PAS - demonstrates Turbo Pascal directory procedures
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TURTLE PAS - demonstrates Turtlegraphics
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WINDOW PAS - demonstrates windowing
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EXTERNAL DOC - sample program using externals
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ACCESS3 BOX - for DATABASE TOOLBOX users only: ACCESS.BOX update
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README - this file
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=========================================================================
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