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------------------------------------------------------------------
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| ================================================ |
| | | |
| | | |
| | ***** CBASIC Compiler CB86 ***** | |
| | | |
| | with GSX-86 Graphics Extensions | |
| | | |
| | for the IBM Personal Computer | |
| | Disk Operating System | |
| | | |
| | --------------- | |
| | | |
| | READ.ME File Notes | |
| | | |
| | (File #1 of 2) | |
| | | |
| | - January 1984 - | |
| | | |
| | Digital Research Inc. | |
| | P.O. Box 579 | |
| | Pacific Grove, CA 93950 | |
| | | |
| ================================================ |
| |
| |
| |
| This file describes enhancements and modifications |
| made to the Digital Research CBASIC Compiler - CB86 |
| with GSX-86 Graphics Extensions. Changes described |
| in this file apply to CB86 software Version 2.1, |
| the "CBASIC Compiler Language Reference Manual" |
| Third Edition: December 1982, and the "CBASIC |
| Compiler (CB86) Programmer's Guide for the IBM |
| Personal Computer Disk Operating System" First |
| Edition August 1983. |
| |
| You can print the information in this file on your |
| line printer using 8 by 11 inch paper with the |
| printer set to 6 lines per inch. You can trim the |
| pages along the dotted lines and place the pages |
| in your product documentation binder. NOTE: This |
| file contains TABS which must be expanded. |
| |
| |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| TABLE of CONTENTS |
| ====================================================== |
| |
| COMPILER BUG FIXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1 |
| COMPILER EXCEPTIONS AND WORK-AROUNDS . . . . Page 1 |
| COMPILER ENHANCEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3 |
| LANGUAGE REFERENCE MANUAL NOTES . . . . . . . Page 4 |
| PROGRAMMING GUIDE NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . Page 8 |
| CB86 CURSOR CONTROL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . Page 9 |
| LINK86 ENHANCEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 14 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| COMPILER BUG FIXES |
| ====================================================== |
| |
| The following bugs have been fixed in CB86 with GSX-86 |
| Graphics Extensions Version 2.1. |
| |
| 1. The CLEAR statement did not "home" the graphics |
| cursor or beam to position (0,0). |
| |
| 2. The ASK COLOR statement always returned the value 1. |
| |
| 3. The maximum array size for the MAT FILL, MAT MARKER, |
| and MAT PLOT statements was 73 rather than 72. |
| |
| 4. Loading a new graphics driver caused a stack |
| overflow. |
| |
| 5. Multiple-line functions using 15 parameters did not |
| work properly. |
| |
| |
| COMPILER EXCEPTIONS AND WORK-AROUNDS |
| ====================================================== |
| |
| 1. FATAL COMPILER ERROR 210 occurs or the compiler |
| hangs when you use hexadecimal constants between |
| 0FA00 and 0FAFF inclusive. |
| WORK AROUND -- Use an equivalent decimal value. |
| |
| 2. FATAL COMPILER ERROR 215 occurs if you omit the |
| colon between a PRINT statement and a GOTO |
| statement on the same line or on a continuation |
| line using a backslash. |
| |
| 3. FATAL COMPILER ERROR 215 occurs when you use a |
| label identifier as a variable identifier in a |
| PRINT USING statement. For example: |
| |
| ABLE: PRINT |
| ABLE = 100.0 : PRINT USING "###.##" ; ABLE |
| |
| |
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| Page 1 |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| 4. The compiler does not report an error when the |
| prompt in an INPUT LINE statement is a string |
| expression. This causes a run-time system memory |
| dump and the system hangs. |
| |
| 5. FATAL COMPILER ERROR 103 occurs if you place more |
| than 255 user-defined functions in a single module. |
| |
| 6. You cannot specify the N option after the %DEBUG |
| compiler directive in the source code. |
| WORK-AROUND -- Use the N option in the compiler |
| command line. |
| |
| 7. FATAL COMPILER ERROR 214 occurs when a file print |
| statement ends with a comma and backslash. |
| |
| 8. When branching to an IF END statement from an |
| assignment statement, the address returned on the |
| stack is incorrect if that assignment statement |
| assigns the result of the GET function to an array |
| element. |
| WORK-AROUND -- Assign the result of the GET |
| function to a temporary variable. Then, assign the |
| temporary variable to the array element. |
| |
| 9. The PRINT USING statement outputs an incorrect |
| exponential value when the value is negative and |
| when the format field does not contain a digit |
| position that preceeds the decimal point. For |
| example: PRINT USING ".####^"; -1.234 |
| |
| 10. A value of zero returns when you raise a number to |
| a power of zero using a real variable as either the |
| base or exponent. |
| WORK-AROUND -- Pre-test for this condition. |
| |
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| Page 2 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| COMPILER ENHANCEMENTS |
| ====================================================== |
| |
| 1. A new execution error "ZW" indicates the following |
| conditions. |
| |
| -- A BOUNDS statement height or width argument has |
| been set to a value less than 1.0E-05, greater than |
| 1.0, or neither argument has been set to 1.0. |
| -- The left/right or upper/lower bounds arguments of |
| a VIEWPORT or WINDOW statement have been set to |
| values that differ by less than 1.0E-05. |
| -- The left, right, lower, or upper bound argument of |
| a VIEWPORT statement has been set to a value less |
| than 0 or greater than 1.0 |
| |
| 2. The BEAM and CLIP statements accept string constant |
| arguments in upper- and lower-case. For example: |
| "ON", "OFF", "on", "off" |
| |
| 3. The MAT FILL, MAT MARKER, and MAT PLOT statements |
| stop at element 71 when the maximum array subscript |
| argument value exceeds 71. |
| |
| 4. A new execution error "GX" indicates that a GRAPHIC |
| OPEN was attempted without GSX-86 installed. |
| |
| 5. A new execution error "PO" indicates polygon |
| coordinate overflow. The clipping process computes |
| any additional coordinates required to plot a given |
| polygon within the current window. Therefore, the |
| MAT FILL statement with CLIP set to "ON" can result |
| in more than 72 coordinates producing execution |
| error "PO". |
| |
| 6. Coordinates for the JUSTIFY statement are |
| restricted from (0,0) to (1,1). If either the |
| vertical or horizontal coordinate evaluates to less |
| than 0, it is set to zero. If either coordinate |
| evaluates to greater than 1.0, it is set to 1.0. |
| |
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| Page 3 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| LANGUAGE REFERENCE MANUAL NOTES |
| ====================================================== |
| |
| The following issues apply to the "CBASIC Compiler |
| Language Reference Manual" Third Edition: December |
| 1983. |
| |
| 1. Section 4.3 -- A user-defined function that returns |
| a string constant cannot be referenced twice within |
| the same expression. For example: |
| |
| DEF FNA$ |
| FNA$ = A$ + B$ |
| FEND |
| PRINT FNA$ + FNA$ <---- incorrect |
| |
| 2. The following list of CBASIC reserved words |
| replaces Appendix A in the CBASIC Compiler Language |
| Reference Manual. |
| |
| ABS COMMON EXP INT% |
| AND CONCHAR% EXTERNAL INTEGER |
| ANGLE CONSOLE FEND JUSTIFY |
| AS CONSTAT% FILL LE |
| ASC COS FLOAT LEFT$ |
| ASK COUNT FOR LEN |
| AT CREATE FRE LET |
| ATTACH DATA GE LINE |
| ATN DATE$ GET LOCK |
| BEAM DEF GO LOCKED |
| BOUNDS DELETE GOSUB LOG |
| BUFF DETACH GOTO LPRINTER |
| CALL DEVICE GRAPHIC LT |
| CHAIN DIM GT MARKER |
| CHARACTER ELSE HEIGHT MAT |
| CHR$ END IF MATCH |
| CLEAR ERR INITIALIZE MFRE |
| CLIP ERRL INKEY MID$ |
| CLOSE ERROR INP MOD |
| COLOR ERRX INPUT MODE |
| COMMAND$ EQ INT NE |
| |
| Page 4 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| NEXT REAL STOP VAL |
| NOT RECL STR$ VARPTR |
| ON RECS STRING VIEWPORT |
| OPEN REM STRING$ WEND |
| OR REMARK STYLE WHILE |
| OUT RENAME SUB WIDTH |
| PEEK RESTORE TAB WINDOW |
| PLOT RETURN TAN XOR |
| POKE RIGHT$ TEXT |
| POS RND THEN |
| POSITION SADD TIME$ %CHAIN |
| PRINT SET TO %DEBUG |
| PUBLIC SGN TYPE %EJECT |
| PUT SHIFT UCASE$ %INCLUDE |
| RANDOMIZE SIN UNLOCK %LIST |
| READ SQR UNLOCKED %NOLIST |
| READONLY STEP USING %PAGE |
| |
| |
| |
| 3. Add the following statement to the description of |
| the CHAIN statement on page 21 of the Language |
| Reference Manual. |
| |
| >> When a program chains to a second program, all open |
| files in the original program are closed and all |
| non-common data is reinitialized to 0. << |
| |
| |
| |
| 4. The following two pages contain descriptions of |
| the DATE$ and TIME$ functions. You can add these |
| descriptions to Section 3 of your Language |
| Reference Manual. |
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| Page 5 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
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| DATE$ Function |
| |
| |
| The DATE$ function returns a string indicating the |
| current year, month, and day set through the |
| operating system. |
| |
| |
| Syntax: a$ = DATE$ |
| |
| |
| Explanation: DATE$ returns a six character string |
| in the form YYMMDD. YY is the last two digits of |
| a year reference, such as 84 for 1984. MM is one |
| of twelve digit combinations representing the |
| month such as 02 for February or 11 for November. |
| DD is one of thirty-one digit combinations |
| representing the day of the month. The string that |
| DATE$ returns is undefined if the operating system |
| is set to a date later than December 31, 1999 or |
| earlier than January 1, 1978. |
| |
| If your operating system does not support time and |
| date functions, the CBASIC DATE$ function returns |
| a string consisting of six blanks. Refer to your |
| operating system manuals to see if your operating |
| system supports time and date functions. |
| |
| |
| Example: CURRDATE$ = DATE$ |
| PRINT "Today's date is: "; CURRDATE$ |
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| Page 6 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
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| TIME$ Function |
| |
| |
| The TIME$ function returns a string indicating the |
| current time of day. |
| |
| |
| Syntax: a$ = TIME$ |
| |
| |
| Explanation: TIME$ returns a six character string |
| of the form HHMMSS. HH is one of 24 digit |
| combinations representing the hour, such as 06 for |
| 6:00 AM or 15 for 3:00 PM. MM is one of sixty |
| digit combinations representing the minute. SS is |
| one of sixty digit combinations representing the |
| second. |
| |
| If your operating system does not support time and |
| date functions, the CBASIC TIME$ function returns a |
| string consisting of six blanks. Refer to your |
| operating system manuals to see if your operating |
| system supports time and date functions. |
| |
| |
| Example: CURRTIME$ = TIME$ |
| PRINT "The current time is: "; CURRTIME$ |
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| Page 7 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| PROGRAMMING GUIDE NOTES |
| ====================================================== |
| The following issues apply to the "CBASIC Compiler |
| (CB86) Language Programming Guide for the IBM Personal |
| Computer Disk Operating System". First Edition: August |
| 1983. |
| |
| 1. The description of the L toggle on page 2-9 does |
| not mention the default length value of 66. |
| |
| 2. The description of the U toggle on page 2-9 does |
| not mention that variable names local to a multiple- |
| line function are NOT reported as explicitly |
| undeclared. |
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| Page 8 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| CB86 CURSOR CONTROL FUNCTIONS |
| ===================================================== |
| The following files on your CB86 product disk enable |
| you to make calls to ROM-based functions that control |
| direct cursor positioning in the IBM Personal |
| Computer. |
| |
| PCSCRN.BAS VIDEOIBM.A86 DEMOSCRN.BAS |
| PCSCRN.DEF VIDEOIBM.OBJ DEMOSCRN.EXE |
| PCSCRN.L86 |
| |
| The PCSCRN files contain CB86 functions that call the |
| actual assembly language cursor control functions in |
| VIDEOIBM. PCSCRN.BAS is the CB86 function source |
| file and VIDEOIBM.A86 is the assembly function source |
| file. You can modify either file as required for |
| your programs. Then, you can combine the object file |
| versions of these two files using LIB86 to create a |
| useable library of cursor control functions. |
| |
| PCSCRN.L86 is a useable library of cursor control |
| functions created by compiling PCSCRN.BAS, then |
| combining the resulting object file with VIDEOIBM.OBJ. |
| VIDEOIBM.OBJ is simply the assembled version of |
| VIDEOIBM.A86 provided as a convenience. |
| |
| PCSCRN.DEF is an include file that contains |
| declarations of the functions in PCSCRN.BAS. Specify |
| PCSCRN.DEF after a %INCLUDE directive near the |
| beginning of your source program. This enables your |
| program to call the cursor control functions. |
| |
| The DEMOSCRN files contain a demonstration program |
| that illustrates use of the cursor control functions |
| and tests them for proper operation on your system. |
| DEMOSCRN.EXE is ready to execute. DEMOSCRN.BAS is |
| the source file. You can examine DEMOSCRN.BAS to |
| learn more about the functions. |
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| Page 9 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| The following steps describe how to use the cursor |
| control functions provided in the ready-to-use |
| library file PCSCRN.L86. Instructions on how to call |
| each function from a CB86 program follow these steps. |
| |
| 1. Specify PCSCRN.DEF as an include file near the |
| beginning of your source program using the %INCLUDE |
| directive as shown in the following example. |
| |
| %INCLUDE PCSCRN.DEF |
| |
| 2. Compile your source program. Make sure that the |
| PCSCRN.DEF file is on the same drive as your source |
| program. The U and F compiler options are |
| recommended for the compilation as shown in the |
| following CB86 command line. |
| |
| A>CB86 PROGRAM[UF] |
| |
| 3. Link the resulting object file with PCSCRN.L86 as |
| shown in the following LINK86 command line. Make |
| sure PCSCRN.L86 is on the same drive as object file. |
| |
| A>LINK86 PROGRAM,PCSCRN.L86 |
| |
| 4. Run your program. |
| |
| There are 14 cursor control functions in PCSCRN.L86. |
| The following descriptions explain how to call each |
| of the functions from a CB86 program. |
| |
| o ADDLINE Function - Insert new line and scroll down. |
| ADDLINE moves all text that is on or below the line |
| that the cursor occupies down one line leaving the |
| line that the cursor occupies blank. The cursor |
| remains on the same line but moves to the leftmost |
| column. All text above the line that the cursor |
| occupies remains unchanged. Any text that is on |
| the bottom line (row 24) moves off screen. ADDLINE |
| does not accept parameters as shown below. |
| |
| CALL ADDLINE |
| |
| |
| Page 10 |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| o CLS Function - Clear entire screen. |
| CLS deletes all text from the screen and returns the |
| cursor to the home position. CLS does not accept |
| parameters as shown in the following example. |
| |
| CALL CLS |
| |
| Using the GETPOS function, you can save the original |
| cursor position in a variable before clearing the |
| screen with CLS. Then, after clearing the screen, |
| you can return the cursor to its original position |
| with the SETCUR function. |
| |
| o ERAEOL Function - Erase to end of line. |
| ERAEOL deletes any text that follows the cursor (to |
| the right) on the same line including the character |
| at the cursor position. The cursor remains in its |
| original position. If you use ERAEOL after moving |
| the cursor off the visible screen area, confusing |
| results can occur. ERAEOL does not take parameters. |
| |
| CALL ERAEOL |
| |
| o ERAEOS Function - Erase next line to end of screen. |
| ERAEOS deletes all text beginning with the line |
| following the line that the cursor occupies and |
| extending to the end of the screen. The line that |
| the cursor occupies remains unchanged. The position |
| of the cursor remains unchanged. ERAEOS does not |
| accept parameters. |
| |
| CALL ERAEOS |
| |
| o GETPOS Function - Get current cursor position. |
| GETPOS returns a single integer value that |
| represents the current row and column position of |
| the cursor. The following statements demonstrate |
| how to decode this integer value by assigning the |
| row and column positions to separate integer |
| variables (R% and C% respectively). |
| |
| C% = GETPOS |
| R% = C%/256 |
| C% = C% - R%*256 |
| |
| Page 11 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| o HOME Function - Move cursor to upper left corner. |
| HOME places the cursor at row zero and column zero. |
| HOME does not accept parameters. |
| |
| CALL HOME |
| |
| o PRTSTR Function - Print string in chosen video mode. |
| PRTSTR prints a specified string on the screen in |
| one of three video output modes. PRTSTR accepts two |
| parameters as shown below. |
| |
| CALL PRTSTR("string",integer) |
| |
| The string can be any length. Do not print a string |
| that extends off screen beyond column 79. The |
| integer must be one of three values. 7 for normal |
| video, 112 (hex 70) for reverse video, and 135 |
| (hex 87) for blinking video. |
| |
| After printing the string, PRTSTR places the cursor |
| at the first space following the string. If this |
| puts the cursor in column 80, then use SETCUR to |
| position the cursor to a meaningful screen location. |
| |
| o PRTBLNK Function - Print string in blinking mode. |
| PRTBLNK prints a specified string on the screen in |
| blinking video mode beginning at the current cursor |
| position. PRTBLNK accepts one parameter as shown |
| below. |
| |
| CALL PRTBLNK("string") |
| |
| o PRTREV Function - Print string in reverse video. |
| PRTREV prints a specified string on the screen in |
| reverse video mode beginning at the current cursor |
| position. PRTREV takes one parameter as shown below. |
| |
| CALL PRTREV("string") |
| |
| o UPCUR Function - Move cursor up one line. |
| |
| CALL UPCUR |
| |
| Page 12 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| o SETCUR Function - Move cursor to specified position. |
| SETCUR moves the cursor to a specified row and |
| column number. SETCUR accepts two parameters as |
| shown below. The parameters must be integer values. |
| |
| CALL SETCUR(row,column) |
| |
| o UPCUR Function - Move cursor up one line. |
| |
| CALL UPCUR |
| |
| o DWNCUR Function - Move cursor down one line. |
| |
| CALL DWNCUR |
| |
| o CUR.RT Function - Move cursor right one column. |
| |
| CALL CUR.RT |
| |
| o CUR.LT Function - Move cursor left one column. |
| |
| CALL CUR.LT |
| |
| Remember, if you move the cursor off screen in any |
| direction, confusing results can occur. You should |
| try to keep the cursor within columns 0 to 79 and rows |
| 0 to 24. |
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| Page 13 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________
| CBASIC Compiler - CB86 READ.ME File Notes January 1984 |
| |
| |
| |
| LINK-86 ENHANCEMENTS |
| ====================================================== |
| |
| 1. A new command line option has been added to LINK-86. |
| The $MY option directs LINK-86 to send the .MAP |
| file to your line printer. |
| |
| 2. A new optional parameter has been added to the MAP |
| option. The NOCOMMON parameter directs LINK-86 to |
| suppress the listing of common segment names in the |
| .MAP file. |
| |
| 3. LINK-86 now displays both the filename and module |
| name indicating the location of an undefined symbol. |
| |
| 4. LINK-86 can now report three additional error |
| messages: |
| |
| CLASS NOT FOUND - The class name specified in the |
| command line does not exist in any of the files |
| being linked. |
| |
| GROUP NOT FOUND - The group name specified in the |
| the command line does not exist in any of the files |
| being linked. |
| |
| SEGMENT NOT FOUND - The segment name specified in |
| the command line does not exist in any of the files |
| being linked. |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| VVVVVVV |
| VVVVV |
| VVV |
| V |
| |
| END OF READ.ME FILE |
| |
| |
| Page 14 |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------

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